Food Chains Examples

Food Chains Examples Food Chains A food web is an illustration of the direct line of food source, starting with the lowest level of the food chain, which is often single-celled organisms or plant life, and advancing to the uppermost levels of higher mammals and other predators. Food chains are often demonstrated in conjunction with food webs, which illustrate the interconnectedness of many species that consume more than one food source, such as fish eating plants, insects, and smaller fish, or hawks eating mice, rabbits, and snakes. Food chains and webs exist in every type of ecosystem and biome, from land dwellers to aquatic or aerial environments, even to microscopic or chemical environments. Examples of Food Chains: 1. Land plants - deer - wolf grain - rat - owl sun - berries - raccoon fruits - monkeys - cheetah grass - antelope - lion - vulture 2. Aquatic phytoplankton- fish - seal - killer whale algae - mosquito larva - dragonfly - fish crayfish - large-mouthed fish - humans insect - frogs - snakes plankton - shrimp - flamingo plankton - snail - fish- shark 3. Unicellular photosynthesis (sun) - euglena - cladocerans cyanobacteria - phagotrophicprotists - planktonic larvae

Skepticism About The External World - 1966 Words

Skepticism about the external world is one of the most widely discussed arguments in the history of philosophy. Barry Stroud defines skepticism as the idea that we cannot have knowledge about the external world (Stroud, page 1). This conclusion is the result of Rene Descartes’ Dream Argument and has been a topic of discussion ever since. No matter how we attack the argument, it seems that we inevitably arrive at skepticism. In this paper, I will argue that the skeptical conclusion is true and why it seems to be compelling as a necessary condition for knowledge. I will describe the Dream Argument and take a look at Moore’s promising response to the conclusion as an inconsistent proof. In the end, Moore’s argument for evidence of an external world will fail to disprove the skeptical conclusion due to its lack of justified belief. Although I am intuitively inclined to deny the skeptical argument, I cannot logically do so but will argue against full-blown skepticism and explain how mild skepticism is a more approachable route to knowledge. In our everyday conversation, we do not generally question the validity of small claims that we make during normal interactions. In Meditation 1, Descartes decides that it is the right time to reevaluate the foundation of knowledge that he will rest his life upon from that point forward. He puts in question the things that he thinks he knows for certain. He acknowledges that everything he knows has been perceived from the senses or throughShow MoreRelatedDescartesArgument For Skepticism1120 Words   |  5 PagesIn Descartes’ first meditation, he proposes an argument for skepticism about the external world based on the possibility of dreaming. I will argue that Descartes’ argument for skepticism is flawed. In this essay I will explain Descartes’ argument, explain why Descartes’ argument is flawed, and consider an objection to my own argument. 1. Descartes’ Argument In order for Descartes to doubt the existence of the external world, he has to establish that he could be dreaming. In Descartes’ first meditationRead MoreEssay about Analysing Berkleys Response to Skepticism954 Words   |  4 Pagesfrom the external world. Comprehending Berkeley`s argument wasn’t an easy task, but I have come to my personal conclusion that this so called; â€Å"Supreme spirit† is not necessary for me to have knowledge about the things that I can observe. Therefore in this paper, I will argue that Berkeley`s response to skepticism is not successful because he thinks that god is the base of knowledge. Before I begin to prove my thesis I would like to give a little background about skepticism and external world (materialRead MoreMore on the Problem of the External World887 Words   |  4 PagesMore on the problem of the external world In his paper about the problem of the external world Stroud’s conclusion is that we can’t prove we are not dreaming. He takes as he calls it, a ‘sceptical’ standpoint by saying that there is not solution to the problem of the external world. There are two main objections to Stroud’s position towards the skeptics like Descartes. First, saying there is not solution to the problem of the external world is just as skeptic and it does not take us anywhere. SecondRead MoreDescartes Vs. Descartes Philosophy1142 Words   |  5 Pagesdefeat skepticism. This argument begins by doubting the truth of everything, from evidence of the senses to the fundamental process of reasoning. Therefore, if there is any truth in the world that overcomes the skeptical challenge then it must be indubitably true. Thus, creating a perfect foundation for knowledge. The first Meditation is an examination in learning to doubt everything that I once believed to be true. Descartes begins to doubt everything he once believed about the external world usingRead MoreModern Philosophy Of The Modern World And The External World1157 Words   |  5 Pagesthe question, â€Å"What is real and what is not?† Although there are many arguments for and against the internal world and the external world, I tend to lead towards the skeptics point of view. I do this on the simple notion that many of the skeptics arguments are hard to refute. Much like Sextus Empiricus, I argue that we cannot know anything with absolute certainty about the external world. â€Å"Those who say that Sceptic deny appearances seem to me to be ignorant of what we say† (SE Handout 38). SextusRead MoreIs Global Skepticism Justified? Essay1625 Words   |  7 PagesIs Global Skepticism Justified? Introduction Skepticism is something that we all have to one degree or another. Some of us who carry some Limited (Local) Skepticism might question whether we can really know if the news anchor is giving us correct information or if the five day forecast is really on track this time regarding the rain it is predicting. Others subscribe to the Global Skepticism view; that is, they would argue that we cannot know anything at all, and, therefore, we can’t have knowledgeRead MoreIn this paper I will argue for an externalist view that I consider to be the strongest rebuttal to1200 Words   |  5 Pageswill argue for an externalist view that I consider to be the strongest rebuttal to skepticism. Before I present the argument I think it is important that we define skepticism and externalism. The type of skepticism that we will be discussing, is the view that we don’t know anything about the external world. That is, we dont have any prima facie justification or reason to believe anything about the external world. The skeptic argues that even if we think a belief is justified, its just an illusionRead MoreSkepticism in the Modern World686 Words   |  3 Pages Philosophical skepticism, according to Scottish philosopher David Hume, is asking whether human beings can perceive the world around us with any degree of accuracy. Practicing this school of thought means that a person initially never believes anything to be true, but at the same time, does not say everything is necessarily false; instead, he maintains a position of doubt. The final source of truth for a skeptic is experience. In terms of skepticism vs. rationalism vs. romanticism and theirRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Cogito Ergo Sum : I Think Therefore, I Am1613 Words   |  7 Pagesbelief an d the only purely true instance of knowledge we possess is that we are a thinking thing and our mind’s ability to think is true. This is the quintessential belief of Cartesian skepticism, or whether we can know anything with certainty, and is achieved through a perspective of understanding external world knowledge rooted in doubting wholeheartedly what our senses say is true. Renà © Descartes’ Discourse on Method and Meditations on First Philosophy preface this doubt by establishing a criterionRead MoreThere are two kinds of skepticism, local skepticism, which states that some areas of inquiry don’t600 Words   |  3 PagesThere are two kinds of skepticism, local skepticism, which states that some areas of inquiry don’t allow for knowledge, and global skepticism, which states that we cannot know anything about the world, (Bogosian). One of the most common arguments for skepticism is the Brain in a Vat argument, which is very similar to the argument of the Evil Demon who controls us. In opposition to this is a philosopher by the name of Hilary Putnam, who uses language as proof for us not being brains in vats. I am

Essay on Legal and Ethical Issues in School Counseling

The topic of this paper focuses on the battles school counselors face as the law and ethical standards collide. School counselors face a number of legal and ethical issues and recognizing a clear decision isn’t always easy. School counselors have to work with a large number of students, parents, and administrators while conforming to ethical codes, state laws, and school board guidelines. This topic is of great relevance to me as I will be going into the school counseling profession. It is also a meaningful topic to me because life-changing decisions are made every day in reference to legal and ethical issues. Researching this topic has shed some light on the difficulty for school counselors to fulfill both legal and ethical†¦show more content†¦N.W. eventually resigned and filed a civil rights lawsuit in federal court stating that the administrations actions resulted in her forced resignation, violating her First Amendment right. After a two year process of legal proceedings, N.W. lost the case in the Supreme Court. The ruling was â€Å"First Amendment freedom of expression does not protect statements that public employees make pursuant to their official duties, as compared with those they make as citizens on matters of public concern† (Stone, Zirkel 2010). N.W. was excluded from First Amendment protection due to the court concluding that she was performing the duties she was paid to perform while reporting her concerns. This particular case illustrates a court trend in favor of school districts when involving educational litigation against professional educators, including school counselors (Stone, Zirkel 2010). This trend suggests that school counselors should think carefully before exercising their personal or professional beliefs, unless they estimate no employment discipline by their superiors. The point is that there is a very fine line between performing your duties without legal ramifications. On a more ethical standpoint, when should a school counselor break confidentiality? There is much debate and ambiguity concerning the issue of confidentiality. The 2010 ASCA ethical code, states that school counselors are to keep information confidential (ASCA Sec.Show MoreRelatedBecoming An Addictions Counselor Is Not Easy1215 Words   |  5 Pagesclients within your scope of practice can present its challenges as well as the ultimate goal of the helping profession to do no harm. There are requirements to developing a helping professional, key legal and ethical issues in counseling, and the role of the counselor in developing and maintaining ethical boundaries in clinical relationships. Arizona has three levels of certification; these include Licensed Substance Abuse Technician (LSAT), the Licensed Associate Substance Abuse Counselor (LASAC)Read MoreEthics And Ethics Of The Supervisory Meeting1538 Words   |  7 Pages Ethics and Issues in the Supervisory Relationship: In the supervisory meeting, the supervisors and supervisees will discuss the ethical codes and legal responsibility in psychotherapy. Discuss dual relationship, which affects the relationship between client and therapist or supervisor and trainee. Discuss Confidentiality. The therapist must keep all the information confidential. violation of confidentiality is one of the most important legal responsibility in counseling and cods of ethics. TheRead MoreGroup Counseling in Schools: Annotated Bibliography Essay1046 Words   |  5 PagesCrepsi, tony D (2009). Group counseling in the schools: legal, ethical, and treatment issues in social practice. Psychology in Schools, 46(3), 273-279. This article closely examines different ethical, legal, and treatment issues that arise in school group counseling. The author starts by looking at some of the psychological issues that effect school aged children. He also suggest some appropriate topics to offer group counseling on such as a divorce group, a drug and alcohol abuse group, or aRead MoreEthical Issues in Couseling: Confidentiality Essay1452 Words   |  6 PagesEthical Issues in Counseling: Confidentiality According to Code of Ethics of the American Mental Health Counselors Association (2000) it has the following principle about confidentiality: At the outset of any counseling relationship, mental health counselors make their clients aware of their rights in regard to confidential nature of the counseling relationship. â€Å"They fully disclose the limits of, or exceptions to, confidentiality, and or the existence of privileged communication, if any. (CoreyRead MoreEthical Ethics And Ethical Issues1311 Words   |  6 Pagesprovides readers with an in-depth analysis of ethical theories, legal and ethical issues which gives them an opportunity to practice real life ethical issues that are frequently complex and thought provoking. Readers are further implored to examine their personal, moral and ethical value systems and codes they work from in an attempt to assist them in developing an informed ethical conscience for making sound moral and ethical judgments. The author presents ethic al dilemmas throughout the book which readersRead MoreI Am A High School1356 Words   |  6 PagesI am a high school school counselor. My supervisor, the school principal has requested that I provide him with a list of all the student clients and their parents/guardians that I counsel on a weekly basis and the presenting concerns discussed in sessions. I have been told that this information will be used to complete a report for the district. I am concerned about disclosing this information because it is my ethical responsibility to protect my clients confidentiality. I am also hesitant and concernedRead MoreIntercultural Competence, Cultural, Religious, And World Views ( Crw )846 Words   |  4 Pagesintercultural competence, specifically cultural, religious, and world views (CRW), at each step in the ethical decision-making process (Luke, Goodrich, Gilbride, 2013). For example, a counselor using this model, with the same dilemma of breaching student confidentiality, would recogn ize that within an ethical dilemma CRW elements exist, would identify CRW factors, such as a student’s cultural view, identify school policies and procedures, such as reporting of student drug use, consult with cultural expertsRead MoreEthical And Legal Considerations Scenario921 Words   |  4 PagesThere will be many scenarios that can challenge a counselor. However, when there are specific cases that involve harm to the clients’ person or another a counselor must follow the processes outlined in the bylaws of the American School Counselor Association. These outlined processes serve two important purposes, the purpose of protecting the client and the purpose of protecting the counselor. This paper will answer questions in response to the scenario of Angela. Scenario: Angela is a 16-year-oldRead MoreThe Importance Of Supervision And Being A Culturally Competent Counselor981 Words   |  4 Pagesan important topic in counseling. Counselors provide a service to ev eryone, regardless their nationality, gender, sexual preference or ethnical background. All counselors are held to a high ethical standard, rather they are school, family, and marriage, mental or spiritual counselors. Counselors must be competent to work effectively with members of society who are culturally different from themselves in order to avoid risk engaging in unethical conduct. Legal and Ethical Expectations StudentRead MoreThe Advocacy For Lgbt Community1380 Words   |  6 PagesLGBT community in schools among the student community is very important. In most cases the advocates of LGBTs have tried to persuade schools to improve their environment. Usually the school environment significantly determines whether the climate in the school is healthy and appropriate for LGBT students to learn in (Goldberg and Allen, 2013). Advocating for this community therefore means that school administrators are likely to adopt ignored programs that may concern the issues of sexual orientation

rosa burges Essay Example For Students

rosa burges Essay Professor SamideFinal Paper IIIWilliam Shakespeares, Hamlet is a tragedy of failure, the failure of a man placedin circumstances and faced to deal with them successfully. Shakespeare uses differenttechniques to develop the characters in Hamlet. Throughout the play dramatic irony isused by allowing the audience to view the true actions of the characters before thecharacters disclose them. Shakespeare toys with the idea of appearances versus reality inthe play, among these are Claudius, the play within the play, and Rosencrantz andGuildernstern. Hamlets father, the king of Denmark, has suddenly died. Claudius, Hamletsuncle, hastily marries Gertrude, Hamlets mother, and more importantly they become thenew king and queen. King Claudius is viewed as legitimately gaining control of thethrone by everyone except Hamlet. Hamlet knows that there is something rotten in thestate of Denmark. His belief is verified when the guards inform him of a ghostly figurewith close resemblance to the late king. The ghost reveals to Hamlet that while in thegarden, Claudius poured poison in his ear. Claudius prays to be forgiven but his prayersare not sincere. Claudius, overcome with guilt, would prefer to keep his status then revealwhat he did to King Hamlet. The play within the play is useful because it allows Hamlet to verify thevalidity of the ghost. Usually plays are intended for entertainment purposes. The play isnot real and the actors are playing a role. In reality Hamlet makes it so that it is similarto what really happened to his father. Hamlet even goes as far as to instruct the actorsappropriately. He will prove that the ghost is truthful by the reaction on Claudius face. The play appears to be harmless but it has a close parallel to what really happened to thelate King Hamlet. Rosencrantz and Guildernstern, who are the kings spies, pretend to be friends toHamlet. The king has sent for them to investigate Hamlets madness and what he suspectsabout his fathers death. This is a contradiction because later Claudius says that Hamletstroubles are unknown. Hamlet not being the fool also pretends to be friends toRosencrantz and Guildernstern. He reveals to them that he is aware of their intentionswhen he says were you not sent for. Claudius, fearing Hamlet knows too much sendshim with Rosencrantz and Guildernstern to England to be executed. Hamlet changes theorders and has Rosencrantz and Guildernstern executed. Hamlet appears to be friendswith them but in reality he has them killed. Shakespeare uses the appearances versus reality as a way to create irony in eachcharacter. The audience knows what the characters are pretending to be. The audienceenjoys the different characters reactions when the truths are revealed. Claudius was notthe legitimate king, the play was supposed to resemble real life, and Rosencrantz andGuildernstern were not true friends to Hamlet. Those are just a few of the many examplesof this technique in Hamlet.